[384] The King is represented by the Governor-General, whom he appoints on the advice of the Prime Minister. Population Pyramids: OCEANIA - 2020. New Caledonia sends two representatives to the French National Assembly and two senators to the French Senate. At around the same time, art began to appear in New Guinea, including the earliest examples of sculpture in Oceania. Oceania, in its most restricted meaning, includes more than 10,000 islands, with a total land area (excluding Australia but including Papua New Guinea and New Zealand) of approximately 317,700 square miles (822,800 square km). This list follows the boundaries of geopolitical Oceania, which includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Oceania has traditionally been divided into four parts: Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. From 1527 to 1595 a number of other large Spanish expeditions crossed the Pacific Ocean, leading to the arrival in Marshall Islands and Palau in the North Pacific, as well as Tuvalu, the Marquesas Islands, the Solomon Islands archipelago, the Cook Islands, and the Admiralty Islands in the South Pacific. On 1 May 1979, in recognition of the evolving political status of the Marshall Islands, the United States recognized the constitution of the Marshall Islands and the establishment of the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands. [259], The aptly named Pacific kingfisher is found in the Pacific Islands,[261] as is the Red-vented bulbul,[262] Polynesian starling,[263] Brown goshawk,[264] Pacific Swallow[265] and the Cardinal myzomela, among others. Ngerulmud, on Babeldaob Island, is the smallest national capital on earth by population, with only a few hundred people; the name is pronounced en-jer-al-mud; Koror, on Koror Island, . It is located within a marginal sea of the Pacific (the Sea of Okhotsk), unlike the rest of the Japanese archipelago and the neighboring Kuril Islands, which border the open Pacific Ocean. Many animals of Oceania have become true symbols of the continent. Other indicators visualized on maps: (In English only, for now) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) In the tropical and subtropical Pacific, the El Nio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects weather conditions. "[140], American marine geologist Anthony A. P. Koppers wrote in the 2009 book Encyclopedia of Islands that, "as a whole, the islands of the Pacific Region are referred to as Oceania, the tenth continent on earth. While 75% of the population lives in cities, 25% of oceanic people live in the countryside. [380] The Australian Defence Force is by far the largest military force in Oceania. It additionally commented, "it is certainly not necessary to consider the Hawaiian Islands and Australia as being in the same part of the world, it is however permissible to unite in one group all the islands which are scattered over the great ocean. [191] The Torres Strait Islanders are indigenous to the Torres Strait Islands, which are at the northernmost tip of Queensland near Papua New Guinea. The three remaining ships, led by Magellan and his captains Duarte Barbosa and Joo Serro, then sailed north and caught the trade winds which carried them across the Pacific to the Philippines where Magellan was killed. [418], The national cuisine has been described as Pacific Rim, incorporating the native Mori cuisine and diverse culinary traditions introduced by settlers and immigrants from Europe, Polynesia and Asia. [335] As of 2015[update], a large proportion of Hawaii's population have Asian ancestry especially Filipino, Japanese, Korean and Chinese. The rest is distributed among the island countries of Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia, where native ethnic groups abound. This, with a great number of small islands in the neighbourhood, is regarded as forming a fourth continent known as Oceania.[35] Other studies from the early twentieth Century also described Oceania as a continent. Contact between Austronesian and Papuan resulted in several instances in mixed languages such as Maisin. [284], Most regions of New Zealand belong to the temperate zone with a maritime climate (Kppen climate classification: Cfb) characterised by four distinct seasons. "Australia". Oceania is a region made up of thousands of islands throughout the Central and South Pacific Ocean. There are thus six great divisions of the earth Europe, Asia, Africa, North America, South America and Oceania. "[24], The Oxford Handbook of Prehistoric Oceania (2018) defined Oceania as only covering Austronesian-speaking islands in Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, with this definition including New Guinea and New Zealand. [84] She stated that Oceania was divided up into three groups; Australasia (which included Australia, New Zealand and the Melanesian islands), Malesia (which included all present-day countries within the Malay archipelago, not the modern country of Malaysia) and Polynesia (which included both the Polynesian and Micronesian islands in her definition). Oceania population is equivalent to 0.54% of the total world population. Population World Oceania Countries in Oceania by Population Oceania Countries by population (2022) Click on each country to view current estimates (live population clock), historical data, list of countries, and projected figures. Oceania covers about 20 million square miles (50 million square kilometers), or roughly one third of the enormous Pacific Ocean. Petroglyphs, tattooing, painting, wood carving, stone carving, and textile work are other common art forms. "[31], In the 19th century, many geographers divided up Oceania into mostly racially based subdivisions; Australasia, Malesia (encompassing the Malay archipelago), Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. She excluded Hawaii from her definition, but not Easter Island. Since 1945, more than 7 million people have settled in Australia. It is calculated as the average number of children an average woman will have during her reproductive period (15 to 49 years old) based on the current fertility rates of every age group in the countries within Oceania, and assuming she is not subject to mortality. Thehighest mountainon the continent is located in New Guinea and isMount Jaya at 4,884 meters above sea level. The Japanese were turned back at the Battle of the Coral Sea and the Kokoda Track campaign before they were finally defeated in 1945. The current inhabitants are mostly European Australians, and the UN categorize it as being in the Australasia subregion. In this book, he included the Aleutian Islands, the Galpagos Islands, the Japanese archipelago, the Kuril Islands and continental islands off the coast of the Americas such as the Channel Islands, the Farallon Islands and Vancouver Island;[141] all of these islands lie in or close to the Pacific Ring of Fire, as is the case with New Guinea and New Zealand, which were also included. [337], Between 2001 and 2007 Australia's Pacific Solution policy transferred asylum seekers to several Pacific nations, including the Nauru detention centre. It was politically associated with Australia and Tasmania by 1870. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Hawaii became a U.S. state in 1959. Auckland and Wellington are frequently ranked among the world's most liveable cities, with Auckland being ranked first in the world according to the Global Liveability Ranking. Oceania is of all the least populated continent, with the exception ofAntarctica. Oceania thus has the most to lose, culturally speaking, from the pressures of global political and economic change. Oceania was first explored by Europeans from the 16th century onward. How many regions is Oceania divided into? "[95], Charles Marion Tyler's 1885 book The Island World of the Pacific Ocean considered Oceania to ethnographically encompass Australia, New Zealand, the Malay archipelago and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. [117] The International Union for Conservation of Nature stated in a 1986 report that they include Easter Island in their definition of Oceania "on the basis of its Polynesian and biogeographic affinities even though it is politically apart", further noting that other oceanic islands administered by Latin American countries had been included in definitions of Oceania. These are: Guam, Hawaii, Christmas Island, Easter Island, Norfolk Island, Cocos Islands, Cook Islands, Coral Sea Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, Pitcairn Islands, United States Minor Outlying Islands, French Polynesia, American Samoa, Wallis and Fortuna, Niue, New Caledonia, and Tokelau. Vanuatu is widely recognised as one of the premier vacation destinations for scuba divers wishing to explore coral reefs of the South Pacific region. [427] These early peoples lacked a writing system, and made works on perishable materials, so few records of them exist from this time. [40][41] Prior to the 1950s, before the popularization of the theory of plate tectonics, Antarctica, Australia and Greenland were sometimes described as island continents, but none were usually taught as one of the world's continents in English-speaking countries. [405] The first settlers introduced British food to the continent, much of which is now considered typical Australian food, such as the Sunday roast. [234], Polynesia, stretching from Hawaii in the north to New Zealand in the south, also encompasses Tuvalu, Tokelau, Samoa, Tonga, and the Kermadec Islands to the west, the Cook Islands, Society Islands and Austral Islands in the center, and the Marquesas Islands, the Tuamotus, Mangareva Islands, and Easter Island to the east. Urban population has increased from 21,936,910 (70.1%) in 2000 to 31,011,800 (70.5%) in the current year. Tongan, English. The Oceania Population (Live) counter shows a continuously updated estimate of the current population of Oceania delivered by Worldometer's RTS algorithm, which processes data collected from the United Nations Population Division. Oceania's subregions of Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia cover two major plates; the Australian Plate (also known as the Indo-Australian Plate) and the Pacific Plate, in addition to two minor plates; the Nazca Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate. Tourists mostly come from Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. It includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The Anson archipelago included phantom islands such as Ganges Island and Los Jardines which were proven to not exist, as well as real islands such as Marcus Island and Wake Island. Among these are Bougainville, Hawaii, and Solomon Islands. [292] The Big Bog on the island of Maui is the wettest place, receiving an average 10,271mm (404.4in) each year.[293]. Hawaii also made a major contribution to country music with the introduction of the steel guitar. "[99] Scottish academic John Merry Ross in 1879 considered Polynesia to cover the entire South and Central Pacific area, not just islands ethnographically within Polynesia. The term, in its widest sense, embraces the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas. The South Pacific Forum was founded in 1971, which became the Pacific Islands Forum in 2000. Bullen added that, "Asia, Europe and the Maritime Continent are not literal geographic continents. The islands lie on the Nazca Plate with Easter Island and the Galpagos Islands, and have a significant south central Pacific component to their marine fauna. The first migration of Australo-Melanesians took place c. 40 to 80 thousand years ago, and these migrants, Papuans, colonised much of Near Oceania. Australia is situated in the middle of the tectonic plate, has occasional middle-sized earthquakes, and currently has no active volcanism (but some volcanoes in southeast Australia erupted within the last 10,000 years). Description . The 'Asia-Pacific region' would comprise two quasi-continents. 3. Disagreement also exists over whether or not Indonesia, the Philippines and Taiwan should be included in Oceania. [291] Pohnpei of the Senyavin Islands in Micronesia is the wettest settlement in Oceania, and one of the wettest places on earth, with annual recorded rainfall exceeding 7,600mm (300in) each year in certain mountainous locations. [311][312] A 2011 survey found that 92% in Melanesia,[311] 93% in Micronesia[311] and 96% in Polynesia described themselves as Christians. [194], Particularly along the north coast of New Guinea and in the islands north and east of New Guinea, the Austronesian people, who had migrated into the area somewhat more than 3,000 years ago, came into contact with these pre-existing populations of Papuan-speaking peoples. The Pacific Games (formerly known as the South Pacific Games) is a multi-sport event, much like the Olympics on a much smaller scale, with participation exclusively from countries around the Pacific. [64][123] Archaeological evidence suggests that Micronesians may have lived on the Bonin Islands c.2,000 years ago, but they were uninhabited at the time of European discovery in the 16th century. 1. It notes that, "the term [has] also come under scrutiny by many geographers. The book observed that a native Polynesian language was still understood on Easter Island, unlike with the other islands, which were uninhabited when discovered by Europeans and mostly being used as prisons for convicts. [196], The earliest archaeological traces of civilization have been found on the island of Saipan, dated to 1500 BCE or slightly before. Some of the most visited countries in Oceania are the following: Australia. [278], Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, Wallacea, and the islands of the Pacific Ocean collectively possess 42% of the worlds parrot species, including half of all Critically Endangered parrots, many of which are endemic to the region. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Australia and New Zealand collectively contain more than 30 million people, which is nearly three quarters of the entire population of Oceania. CSIRO Publishing. [38] American geographer Sophia S. Cornell claimed that the Aleutian Islands were not part of Oceania in 1857. "[75] Conrad Malte-Brun in 1824 defined Oceania as covering Australia, New Zealand, the islands of Polynesia (which then included all the Pacific islands) and the Malay archipelago. [17], Definitions of Oceania vary. [397][398] The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906), the world's first feature length film, spurred a boom in Australian cinema during the silent film era. [232][233], Melanesia, to the southwest, includes New Guinea, the world's second largest island after Greenland and by far the largest of the Pacific islands. Encompassing the two most highly populated countries in the world - China and India - Asia is by far the largest of the continents, with a total population of over 4.5 billion people. [323], Sydney is the most multicultural city in Oceania, having more than 250 different languages spoken with about 40% of residents speaking a language other than English at home. The following series of short activities allows students to access a wealth of data on the world, regions, and individual countries, and develop their data literacy skills and knowledge of geography. A major economic and cultural powerhouse of the Southern Hemisphere, Auckland is ranked as a Beta+ world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. [16] Most Oceanian countries are multi-party representative parliamentary democracies, with tourism being a large source of income for the Pacific Islands nations. Census maps is an interactive tool to explore Census 2021 data across England and Wales for different topics down to a neighbourhood level. [459][460], Australians view sport as an important part of their cultural identity, and the country performs well on the international stage, despite having a relatively small population. Geological forces such as tectonic uplift of mountain ranges or clashes between tectonic plates occurred mainly in Australia's early history, when it was still a part of Gondwana. [353] Australia boasts the largest amount of manufacturing in the region, producing cars, electrical equipment, machinery and clothes. Thus, Oceania most commonly refers to the land areas of the South and Central Pacific. Population of Asia (0.83%), South America (0.81%) and North America (0.76%) are increasing with almost similar rate. The smallest increase in 2021 with 0.13 percent. It includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. They were named by Krusenstern, after English explorer John Marshall, who visited them together with Thomas Gilbert in 1788, en route from Botany Bay to Canton (two ships of the First Fleet). Taon, Paul S.C. (2001). [24] The island of Taiwan similarly lies on the continental shelf of Asia, with their inhabitants historically having had exchange with mainland Asia. Pain, C.F., Villans, B.J., Roach, I.C., Worrall, L. & Wilford, J.R. (2012): Old, flat and red Australia's distinctive landscape. Other religions in the region include Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism, which are prominent minority religions in Australia and New Zealand. New Zealand's economy is the 53rd-largest in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and 68th-largest in the world measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). James, R.E., 1947. [91] British physician and ethnologist James Cowles Prichard claimed in 1847 that the Aleutian Islands and the Kuril Islands form "the northern boundary of this fifth region of the world, and with the coasts of Asia and America completing its literal termination." The population of the Oceania / Pacific region is approximately 300 million. Trends i. [413] New Zealand marks two national days of remembrance, Waitangi Day and ANZAC Day, and also celebrates many holidays such as the Queen's Birthday, Labour Day, and Christmas Day, as well as public anniversaries of the founding dates of most regions. [220], One of the first land offensives in Oceania was the Occupation of German Samoa in August 1914 by New Zealand forces. The number of its inhabitants is approximately 34,300,000 (according to the 2010 census), a figure that is increasing due to the substantial difference in the birth rate (21%) and death rate (9%). [36][37] In his 1879 book Australasia, British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace commented that, "Oceania is the word often used by continental geographers to describe the great world of islands we are now entering upon" and that "Australia forms its central and most important feature. Other Austronesian areas such as Indonesia and the Philippines were not included, due to their closer cultural proximity to mainland Asia. The Americas a. As of 1 January 2023, the population of Oceania was estimated to be 44,416,763 people. [64][123][321] There are also Creoles formed from the interaction of Malay or the colonial languages with indigenous languages, such as Tok Pisin, Bislama, Chavacano, various Malay trade and creole languages, Hawaiian Pidgin, Norfuk, and Pitkern. Migrating from South-East Asia, they appear to have occupied these islands as far east as the main islands in the Solomon Islands archipelago, including Makira and possibly the smaller islands farther to the east. Most of Australia and Oceania is under the Pacific, a vast body of water that is larger than all the Earth's continental landmasses and islands combined. In 1946, Polynesians were granted French citizenship and the islands' status was changed to an overseas territory; the islands' name was changed in 1957 to Polynsie Franaise (French Polynesia). Papua New Guinea and New Zealand represent nine tenths of the total. [163][164] As with Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia's New Caledonia has a significant non-indigenous European population, numbering around 71,000. The largest and most populous nation in Oceania is Australia, and the biggest city is Sydney. This date range is based on glottochronological calculations and on three radiocarbon dates from charcoal that appears to have been produced during forest clearance activities. [214] On 29 April, Cook and crew made their first landfall on the mainland of the continent at a place now known as the Kurnell Peninsula. [246], The most diverse country of Oceania when it comes to the environment is Australia, with tropical rainforests in the north-east, mountain ranges in the south-east, south-west and east, and dry desert in the centre. Cocos Island and Malpelo Island were not explicitly referenced in the book, despite being areas which would fall within this range. Beneath the global level, there are of course big differences between different world regions and countries. [89] Cust considered Oceania's four subregions to be Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. PopulationPyramid.net Piramide della Popolazione Mondiale dal 1950 al 2100. [426] Art of Oceania properly encompasses the artistic traditions of the people indigenous to Australia and the Pacific Islands. [458] It broke the previous record set two days earlier when Australia defeated Tonga 220. [224][225] The United States fought the Battle of Guam from 21 July to 10 August 1944, to recapture the island from Japanese military occupation. [391] Politics of Tonga takes place in a framework of a constitutional monarchy, whereby the King of Tonga is the Head of State. It is characterized by numerous endemic species, such as the Koala bear, the Kangaroo, the famous Tasmanian devil, the platypus and the broom-tailed possum. 'The Pacific' would not refer to the Pacific Ocean and everything in it e.g., the Philippines. Australia itself has a population of approximately 25.7 million, while New Zealand's population is close to 4.85 million. In Samoan politics, the Prime Minister of Samoa is the head of government. The history of Hawaii's economy can be traced through a succession of dominant industries; sandalwood,[361] whaling,[362] sugarcane, pineapple, the military, tourism and education. Oceania is a geographical area that comprises of Australia- the smallest continent in terms of the total land area and also comprises of thousands of islands across the central and south Pacific Ocean. For all other years: average annual numerical change over the preceding five year period. Oceania's population tops around 45 million people and spans over 8,525,929 square kilometers. On 15 November 2022, the world's population reached 8 billion people, a milestone in human development. [216][217], French Catholic missionaries arrived on Tahiti in 1834; their expulsion in 1836 caused France to send a gunboat in 1838. This continent, the smallest on the planet, is located south of thePacific Ocean, west of theIndian Oceanand southeast ofthe Asian continent. [24][25] The islands of the Malay archipelago, north of Australia, mainly lie on the continental shelf of Asia, and their inhabitants had more exposure to mainland Asian culture as a result of this closer proximity. Year: as of July 1 of the year indicated. The bulk of the population of Oceania practicesProtestantism (42.7%), followed by Catholicism (24.7%) and otherChristian sects(14.8%). Known indigenous tribes in Papua New Guinea have very little contact with local authorities aside from the authorities knowing who they are. These regions are usually considered to be part of Maritime Southeast Asia. Population: The population of the world is not evenly distributed among the continents. The Pitcairn reed warbler, endemic to Pitcairn Island, was added to the endangered species list in 2008. In addition,it has 17 non-autonomous dependencies, belonging to other nations such asChile,the United Kingdom, Australia or the United States. PopulationPyramid.net Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100. New Zealand uses its lakes for hydroelectric power generation. If you are a dynamic individual seeking a new career opportunity, read further The Programme in Health Services and Systems Research (HSSR) at the Medical School in Singapore invites applications from outstanding candidates. military). Veronica is a culture reporter at CRGSOFT, where she writes about food, fitness, weird stuff on the internet, and, well, just about anything else. Urban Population: Population living in areas classified as urban according to the criteria used by each country. [373] Due to the mild year-round weather, tourist travel is popular throughout the year. 2,142 live births average per day (89.27 in an hour) or a child in every 40.33 seconds, 837 deaths average per day (34.87 in an hour) or one death in every 103.25 seconds, 598 immigrants average per day (24.92 in an hour) or an immigrant in every 144.46 seconds, 22,164,486 females as of 31 December 2022. The term, in its widest sense, embraces the entire insular region between Asia and the Americas. [347] It is classified as an Alpha+ World City by GaWC. He noted the political significance of the Aleutian Islands, which were invaded by the Japanese military in World War II, and categorized New Zealand's Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Islands, Chatham Island and Kermadec Islands as being non-tropical islands of the South Pacific, along with Australia's Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. In Tonga, everyday life is heavily influenced by Polynesian traditions and especially by the Christian faith. [207] They are believed to have been Polynesian. [198], The first people of the Northern Mariana Islands navigated to the islands and discovered it at some period between 4000 BCE to 2000 BCE from South-East Asia. [67] Papua New Guinea is geographically the closest country to Australia, and is often geologically associated with Australia as it was once physiologically connected. Hawaii is dominated by the Democratic Party. [135] The Stockholm Journal of East Asian Studies stated in 1996 that Oceania was defined as Australia and an ensemble of various Pacific Islands, "particularly those in the central and south Pacific [but] never those in the extreme north, for example the Aleutian chain. [82][83] Wallace insisted while the surface area of this wide definition was greater than that of Asia and Europe combined, the land area was only a little greater than that of Europe. [46][47] For example, Tony deBrum, Foreign Minister for the Marshall Islands, stated in 2014, "not only [is Australia] our big brother down south, Australia is a member of the Pacific Islands Forum and Australia is a Pacific island, a big island, but a Pacific island. In 2019, Australia saw 8.7 million foreign visitors. [210], In the quest for Terra Australis, Spanish explorations in the 17th century, such as the expedition led by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirs, sailed to Pitcairn and Vanuatu archipelagos, and sailed the Torres Strait between Australia and New Guinea, named after navigator Lus Vaz de Torres. The current population of Australia in 2023 is 26,439,111, a 1% increase from 2022. Many of them have become true symbols of the continent. [456] The OFC was dominated by Australia for many years, and became known for one-sided results. For all other years: latest year annual percentage change equivalent assuming homogeneous change in the preceding five year period, calculated through reverse compounding. Australia and New Zealand competed in the games for the first time in 2015. The demographic table below shows the subregions and countries of geopolitical Oceania. Australia and New Zealand stand out in rugby, enjoying outstanding participation in world tournaments, in which other countries such asArgentinaparticipate . Median Age: age that divides the population into two numerically equal groups: half of the people are older than the median age indicated and half are younger. On his first voyage in the 18th century, James Cook, who later arrived at the highly developed Hawaiian Islands, went to Tahiti and followed the east coast of Australia for the first time. "[55] In his 2013 book Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide, American herpetologist George R. 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