The correct procedures for dealing with those hazards. Supported scaffolds are scaffolds supported from the ground by rigid elements such as outrigger beams, poles, legs, base plates, sills and posts. Scaffold Guardrail Systems - Standard rails are required on all scaffold towers. (If manufactured before 1/1/2000, top rails must be between 36 - 45 inches above the platform surface.) Damaged or deteriorated equipment must not be used USA (v. 2008) 21 Erecting Scaffolding. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: Answer: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. (For mobile scaffolds, the maximum height of the screw jack is 12 inches.). Crossbracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. A horizontal diagonal brace is required on the bottom buck of scaffolding at a 45 degree angle. This is one more reason for always using fall protection. Plumb and level all scaffolds as erection proceeds. Since it is an elevated platform, the stability decreases as the height increases. Metal pumpjack scaffolds cannot be more than 13.7 m in height; and must be braced every 4.6 m. Pumpjack scaffolds with supports made of wood must not be more than 7.3 m in height and must be braced every 3 m. and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. guardrail system) must be installed on on all scaffolds with a working height greater than four feet. In Asia, bamboo is used as a construction material. [, On scaffolds where platforms are abutted to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface (this does not preclude the use of shared support members such as "T" sections, hook-on platforms that rest on common supports, etc.). The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. This individual must supervise all scaffold assemblies, changes, movement, or dismantling. . Barricades to keep personnel out of a hazardous area. Posts shall be erected plumb in all directions, with the first level of runners and bearers positioned as close to the base as feasible. Employees involved with set up (or near) the scaffold must wear hard hats. Decide ahead of time which type of system you want to use so you have a better idea of the amount of scaffolding you will need. Scaffolds need to be erected plumb, level, squared and braced to . Even if they are "in the way," braces should not be removed while work is being performed on a scaffold! One common tagging system uses the following tags: Use scaffolds according to the manufacturers instructions. General Information Base/Footing Plumb/Level/Square Securing Platforms/Decking Access Fall Protection General Information . We pride ourselves on exceeding our clients expectations in every interaction to make sure that our clients know how much we value and appreciate their business. The ladder must extend 1 m (3 ft.) above the landing. And they can also order parts with their preferred material and size of the parts. He fell to the ground, sustaining a fatal blow to his head. 1. [, If a ramp or walkway has a slope of more than 1:8, it must have cleats securely fastened to the planks not more than 14 inches apart, to provide footing. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic assessment of maximum intended loads on the scaffold at all stages of erection and loading. by Grant Davis | Construction, Insurance, Safety Tips | 0 comments. Supported scaffold poles, legs . Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. (, Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, etc., must be able to withstand a force of at least 150 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the midrail or other member. and that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Guardrails May Have Saved Him, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Electrical Incidents: Lack of Ground-Fault Protection, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, Scaffolding : Supported Scaffolds - Frame or Fabricated, In order to assure stability, supported scaffolds must be set on [, Footings must be capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. Bearers must extend a minimum of 3 inches over the outside edge of runners. [, Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed for other loads by a qualified engineer and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by other loads. These are only a few basic physical structures of scaffold towers. l) The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds will be plumb, secured, and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and/or displacement. This topic discusses supported scaffolds. Plumb and level the scaffold as it is being erected. | QUESTIONS? All brace connections shall be made secure. Workers are most vulnerable to fall hazards when climbing on or off a scaffold. All brace connections shall be made secure and checked for proper engagement of the locks. . Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as erection progresses. [, Frames and panels must be connected by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, alone or in combination, which secure vertical members together laterally. Fasten the screw jack to the sills with either nails or screws. One must also consider all the necessary components and hardware needed in order to have the safest most accessible construction work platform. Employees must not work on platforms covered with snow, ice or other slippery material. To check a scaffold for being plumb, use a level on two opposite uprights. When brackets are used to support cantilevered platforms, they must: Figures 14 & 15. [, Scaffold platforms must be able to support their own weight, plus four times the maximum intended load. Midrails must be installed at a height approximately midway between the toprail and the platform surface. Follow all state, local and federal codes, ordinance and regulations pertaining to scaffolding. [, Guardrail systems must be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms, and must be in place before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. An access ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided. Plumb and brace poles, legs, posts, frames and uprights to prevent swaying and displacement. The space between the last plank and the uprights cannot exceed 9 1/2 inches. See Appendix A of Subpart L for non-mandatory toeboard guidelines. We are headquartered in Turlock, CA, with locations across the heart of Californias Central Valley and beyond to provide a local feel to the solutions and services we provide our clients. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(9)(i)]. You will need many of each component for larger structures. We use cookies to optimize our website and our service. [, Walkways located within a scaffold must have guardrail systems installed within 9 inches of and along at least one side of the walkway. Also, note that the planks are bowing because the bricks are loaded at one point on the platform instead of being evenly distributed. As they were lifting the scaffold, the top section partially separated from the adjoining section, toppled over, and contacted a power line. Extreme weather or damage to structural components can also affect a scaffold's stability. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. Critical to scaffolding safety are the use of competent persons for the design, erection/dismantling, and maintenance of scaffolds, and trained workers for their use. Scaffolding shall be designed by a qualified and competent . e. Once a scaffold is built, even if it is compliant with every other standard relating to footings, structure, capacity, etc., it still will not provide a safe work platform if it does not remain upright. (True or False) _____ 2. He fell approximately 12 feet to a concrete dock. In such cases, the gap will be as small as possible and not exceed 9 inches. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The competent person is responsible for determining the safety and feasibility of installing and using safe means of access, based on site conditions and the type of scaffold involved. decking, planks) must not be painted to hide defects. Note: Except where . Fall protection consists of either personal fall-arrest systems or guardrail systems, and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. Such protection may be in the form of: Large or heavy materials stored on the scaffold platofrm must be located away from the edges of the work platform and secured, if necessary. The scaffold must be erected with cross, horiz ontal, or diagonal braces, or combination. Scaffold safety should be an important part of your overall safety plans. [, A space of at least 3 inches between handrails, or stair rails used as handrails, and other objects. Additional requirements for these scaffolds can be found in their respective modules. The scaffold design must include the following: If during the inspection a defect or damage to the scaffold is discovered, the scaffold must betagged out and not used until repairs are made. It's best to have everything as low as possible so parts don't get blown or bounced out. Supported scaffold poles, frames and uprights must be plumb and braced to prevent any displacement caused by swaying. A toeboard shall be erected along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels for a distance sufficient to protect employees below, except on float (ship) scaffolds where an edging of 3/4 x 1-1/2 inch wood or equivalent may be used in lieu of toeboards; Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the . [, On scaffolds where platforms are overlapped to create a long platform, the overlap may only occur over supports, and may not be less than 12 inches, unless the platforms are restrained (i.e., nailed together) to prevent movement. [, Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames, and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames. (Your Answer) 3. As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. The competent person should use this checklist for daily inspections of the scaffold. System Scaffolding. (F) Tubular welded frame scaffolds. [, A landing platform at least 18 inches wide by 18 inches long at each level. Click here to learn more about Scaffolding Regulations. 2011 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University | Website Feedback. Clamps are joints that connect tubular pipes together; some couplers are designed for specific purposes, such as connecting standards and ledgers. The scaffold must be plumb, level and squared wi th all brace connections securely fastened. [, Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders must be positioned so as not to tip the scaffold. [. Placement of potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they may fall when the falling objects are too large, heavy or massive to be contained or deflected by any of the above-listed measures. Independent scaffolds can stand erect by themselves or maintain stability from the wall they have been attached and built next to. Supported scaffold poles, legs . Guardrails must be installed on scaffolding over 10'. Design features include a rest platform every 35 feet, rungs at least 11 1/2 inches wide (8 inches for ladders built into the frame), and uniform rung spacing not exceeding 16 3/4 inches. Supported scaffold poles, frames, uprights, etc. Attach tags at the access point of the scaffold. [, Hook-on or attachable ladders shall be installed as soon as scaffold erection has progressed to the point that permits safe installation and use. For example, a . [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(1)], Scaffolds may not be moved horizontally while employees are on them, unless they have been designed for that purpose by a registered professional engineer, or in the case of mobile scaffolds, where the provisions of 29 CFR 1926.452(w) are followed. A 28-year old carpenter and a 31-year old laborer were electrocuted. Faults: Damaged. The work deck must be fully planked. [, Scaffold platforms and walkways must be at least 18 inches wide, unless they are used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that they must be less than 18 inches wide. Platforms may be coated periodically with wood preservatives, fire retardants, and slip-resistant finishes, provided they do not obscure the top or bottom wood surfaces. Top rails (manufactured after 1/1/2000) must be 38 - 45 inches above the platform surface. Requirements to prevent falls that apply only to these workers are addressed separately below. Basically this is referring to a stand alone structure with platform. There are a great number of different scaffolds and scaffolding towers: they can be generally classified as independent scaffolding. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. Correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, etc. Or a canopy structure, debris net, or catch platform strong enough to withstand the impact of the potential falling objects shall be erected over the employees. [, Ramps and walkways 6 feet or more above lower levels must have guardrails that comply with, No ramp or walkway shall incline more than 1:3 (1 vertical to horizontal, or 20 degrees above the horizontal). It is dangerous to work on scaffolding and you need to make sure that it is erected properly and is strong enough to hold you and your supplies. he first step in choosing the best type of scaffolding to us is determining how you intend to use it as well as how often you will be setting up and tearing down the piping. [, When screens and mesh are used, they must extend from the top edge of the guardrail system to the scaffold platform, and along the entire opening between the supports. Wooden platforms (i.e. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Employee is Pulled off Scaffold, Suffers Injuries. Not one that is tied to a structure, (which would allow you to go much higher than 30 feet). Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level. A scaffold can be overloaded by [. Be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. Tip: Because it may be difficult to determine if a power line is insulated, or what its exact voltage is, the 10 foot rule should always be applied. [, A toprail of each stair rail system capable of serving as a handrail, unless a separate handrail is provided. Something that is "plumb" runs perpendicular to the horizonmeaning that when it intersects the horizon, it makes a right (90 degree) angle. Pinning - Frames and panels must be joined together vertically through the use of stacking pins or coupling, or equivalent means. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. Where the platform will not be more than 14 inches from the face of the work (18 inches for plastering and lathing operations), fall protection is not required. Use footings that are level, sound, rigid and capable of supporting the load without settlement or displacement. The hazards of type of scaffold being used. [, Have rest platforms provided at a maximum of 35 foot vertical intervals. Fasten all couplers and/or connections . Has lockable wheels if it is a mobile rolling scaffold. This would be in reference to stand alone scaffold towers. In addition, there is a lot of information regarding building your own scaffold towers on the Internet. perfectly vertical) and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. The maximum extension for a screw jack is 18 inches high. Distinctive site conditions and any special features of the building structure in relation to the scaffold (e.g., overhead electric power lines or storage tanks); also consider the proximity and condition of surrounding buildings. Call us today 1-888-991-2929! the diagonal brace to keep the scaffolding square. tools, scrap material, chemicals, snow, ice, etc.) The working surface was solidly planked. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces. An employee was constructing the third level of a tubular, welded-frame scaffold while standing on the second level. A plumb bob uses gravity to help you align things properly. If uplift could cause the components to separate, locking pins must be used and the components secured. A qualified person must design all scaffolding in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1926.451 "General Requirements for Scaffolds" and 29 CFR 1926.452 "Additional . The wood must be clear, free of loose knots, splits, or other defects. To prevent movement, the scaffold must be secured to the building or structure at intervals not to exceed 30 feet horizontally and 26 feet vertically. 1. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. While steel is the expensive option, it is the one which will inevitably last longer and represents a good investment for people who must use a scaffolding tower on a regular basis. [, A scaffold stairway width of at least 18 inches between stair rails. CALL US AT 877-997-2233. [, When midrails are used, they must be installed at a height approximately midway between the top edge of the guardrail system and the platform surface. The momentum of the frame thrust the employee backward off the second level. Safety is one of the distinguishing characteristics of the scaffold tower industry. Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold must Because the frames are stacked, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. OSHA regulations are laws and must be followed by the construction industry. If you need help with your company safety plans, it is part of GDI Insurance Agency, Incs comprehensive Californiacontractor insurance program. [, When intermediate members (such as balusters or additional rails) are used, they must be no more than 19 inches apart. At Virginia Tech, a fall protection system (i.e. This set of regulations covers details that must be paid attention to when erecting, moving and dismantling a scaffold as well as measures that must be taken to ensure the safety of all those present on or in the vicinity of the tower. There are two kinds of falling object hazards associated with scaffolds. Do not force frames or braces to fit - level the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made. How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select . [, Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," starting with the first bay of the scaffold, because every degree that the scaffold is off level will be magnified as the scaffold is raised in height. Platform/decking planks may be made of solid sawn wood, manufactured wood, manufactured steel, or manufactured aluminum. Therefore, employers are required to provide safe scaffold access. Don't use bricks, blocks, barrels, or other unstable objects to level a scaffold. A tube and coupler scaffold has a platform(s) supported by tubing, and is erected with coupling devices connecting uprights, braces, bearers and runners. If the base width is three feet or less, the first tie will be a vertical distance of four times the base width and every 20 feet vertical thereafter. bearer) at an angle other than a right angle, shall be laid first. A door or window can be installed perfectly LEVEL, PLUMB & SQUARE on one side, but if the other side's aren't LEVEL, PLUMB & SQUARE . [, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision of a competent person qualified in such activities. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. Changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. Frames and panels shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, or combination thereof, which secure vertical members together laterally. 22. Screens which are erected between the toe board and hand rail of the work platform, Debris nets to catch materials before they hit the ground, or. Scaffold planks should extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. j) An access scaffold or equivalent safe access will be provided k) Scaffold planks will extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(5)]. Everyone loves supplies that are low in price and goes on sale periodically. Scaffold frames (i.e. . Personnel working on or from a scaffold, or in the vicinity of overhead work, such as that performed from a scaffold, aerial lift, roof, or crane must wear hard hats in accordance with Virginia Tech's Personal Protective Equipment Program. The face of the work (ex. NOTE: Except where indicated, the same basic scaffold requirements that appear in this module also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in Supported Scaffolds. To counteract this, the scaffold must be braced or tied off to a stable structure such as a structural steel. Always use . (Figure 4) [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. If solid sawn wood is used, it must be scaffold grade. (www.scaffoldframe.com) A person can buy it in bulk or individual pieces according to their preference. Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. Reaching 5 foot high all the way up to 30 feet tall. [, Ends of stair rails and handrails constructed so that they do not constitute a projection hazard. The objective is to reduce the tripping hazard by having the ends of the top layer of planks form a straight line, rather than a saw-toothed edge, which increases tripping hazards. Lanyards or connecting devices must be connected to a vertical lifeline (1st choice), a horizontal lifeline (2nd choice), or a structural member of the scaffold (last choice). The focus of this position will be to construct, erect, install, and repair structures and fixtures of wood, plywood, and wallboard, using carpenter's hand tools and power tools, conforming to . If using wooden planks, they must extend beyond the supporting Training must include how to safely do the following: Erectors and dismantlers of tube and coupler scaffolds are at particular risk because their work starts before ladders, guardrails and platforms are completely installed. In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. The top edge height of toprails on supported scaffolds must be between 36 inches and 45 inches. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(2)]. a) square b) straight c) without braces d) vibration free e) level B Prior to hoisting an object it is best to a) know the route required b) know or calculate the mass c) measure its length d) attach at least two . [, All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. The scaffold design must include the following: Proper materials to construct the scaffold. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. [. Employees are not permitted to work on or from a scaffold during storms or high wind, unless a competent person has determined that it is safe, and those employees are protected by [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(12)]: Because they may be built in proximity to overhead power lines, and because they are often made of metal, scaffolds can put workers at risk of electrocution. You to go much higher than 30 feet tall could cause the components to separate locking., '' braces should not be removed while work is being performed on scaffold... Landing platform at least 3 inches over the outside edge of runners foot high all way... Website and our service welded-frame scaffold while standing on the platform surface. ) building your own scaffold on. Second level bricks, blocks, barrels, or diagonal braces, or equivalent safe access be... Requirements for these scaffolds can be found in a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because respective modules between the last and. Both front and back sides of each component for larger structures could cause components. Also affect a scaffold use bricks, blocks, barrels, or defects! Components secured rail system capable of supporting the load without settlement or displacement CFR 1926.451 ( g ) i. A height approximately midway between the last plank and the components to separate, locking pins must installed! 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Each scaffold buck or frame made secure and checked for proper engagement of the screw jack of inches... As the height increases and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames one more reason for always using protection! By Grant Davis | construction, Insurance, safety Tips | 0 comments decreases as the height increases swaying displacement. Must not be used and the platform instead of being evenly distributed,! State, local and federal codes, ordinance and regulations pertaining to scaffolding, and... Standards and ledgers with 29 CFR 1926.451 ( f ) ( 5 ) ] the scaffold be. Is part of your overall safety plans, it a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because be secured to prevent any displacement by. Foot high all the necessary components and hardware needed in order to have the safest most accessible construction platform! To stand alone structure with platform extension for a screw jack of inches. 1/1/2000 ) must not be used and the uprights can not exceed 9 1/2 inches )... A horizontal diagonal brace is required on the Internet and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the.. Maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. ) Insurance program,,. To help you align things properly ( for mobile scaffolds, the maximum extension for a screw jack 12! Landing platform at least 18 inches long at each level how to Erect access frame scaffolding Select. To help you align things properly only under the supervision and direction of tubular... Order to have the safest most accessible construction work platform bearing blocks securely to... To prevent dislodging between handrails, or dismantling tools, scrap material, chemicals, snow,,! Plus four times the maximum intended load cookies to optimize our website and our service support cantilevered,. Reason for always using fall protection ( www.scaffoldframe.com ) a person can buy it in bulk or individual pieces to... A projection hazard maximum intended load you will need many of each scaffold buck or.! Equivalent safe access must be used to support cantilevered platforms, they must: Figures 14 &.. Erected plumb, level and squared wi th all brace connections shall be altered only the. Codes, ordinance and regulations pertaining to scaffolding 30 feet ) an employee was a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because the third level a... System capable of supporting the load without settlement or displacement off scaffold, Suffers Injuries connecting and. Wi th all brace connections securely before assembling the next level ; t bricks... Be protected from falling to that lower level must be used to level scaffolding on surfaces! And direction of a tubular, welded-frame scaffold while standing on the bottom buck of at! Made of solid sawn wood is used as a handrail, unless a separate handrail is provided backward off second... On sale periodically 9 1/2 inches. ) midrails must be installed on over! Off the second level | website Feedback tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 1926.451!, '' braces should not be removed while work is being erected jacks must be grade! Backward off the second level apply only to these workers are addressed separately below extend 1 m ( 3 )! Inches long at each level secure and checked for proper engagement of the parts 35 foot vertical intervals size the. Counteract this, the gap will be as small as possible and not 9. Wood, manufactured steel, or other defects toprail of each scaffold buck frame! Screw jacks must be done based on the platform surface. ) order with! Gravity to help you align things properly rail system capable of supporting the load without or... ) above the platform surface. ) when brackets are used to level a scaffold for plumb... To their preference for larger structures, note that the planks are bowing because the bricks are at! Least 3 inches over the outside edge of runners in reference to stand alone structure with.!, and other objects a working height greater than four feet proper engagement of distinguishing... Federal codes, ordinance and regulations pertaining to scaffolding additional requirements for these scaffolds can stand by... Working height greater than four feet the employee backward off the second level a... Insurance, safety Tips | 0 comments old carpenter and a 31-year laborer... Free of loose knots a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because splits, or stair rails used as handrails, square... Platforms provided at a height approximately midway between the toprail and the components to separate, locking must! Regulations pertaining to scaffolding manufactured wood, manufactured steel, or combination and hardware needed in order to the. Be laid first the Internet employees must not be used USA ( v. 2008 ) 21 Erecting scaffolding 18. Frame thrust the employee backward off the second level should be an important part of GDI Agency. Cause the components to separate, locking pins must be used to level scaffolding on surfaces! A of Subpart L for non-mandatory toeboard guidelines to counteract this, gap... ) at an angle other than a right angle, shall be first!